Overview of the SkillWrapper architecture.

SkillWrapper: Generative Predicate Invention for Skill Abstraction

TL;DR – This paper introduces SkillWrapper, a system for creating abstract representations of skills using foundation models.

November 2025 · Ziyi Yang, Benned Hedegaard, Ahmad Jaafar, Yichen Wei, Skye Thompson, Shreyas Sundara Raman, Haotian Fu, Stefanie Tellex, George Konidaris, David Paulius, Naman Shah
Example of simple block stacking task performed in our LLM-OLP paper

[ICRA-25] Bootstrapping Object-level Planning with Large Language Models

TL;DR – This paper formalizes the concept of object-level planning and discusses how this level of planning naturally integrates with large language models (LLMs).

May 2025 · David Paulius, Alejandro Agostini, Benedict Quartey, George Konidaris
Overview of CAPE's reprompting methodology

[ICRA-24] CAPE: Corrective Actions from Precondition Errors using Large Language Models

TL;DR – In this paper, we introduce CAPE: an approach to correct errors encountered during robot plan execution. We exploit the ability of large language models to generate high-level plans and to reason about causes of errors.

January 2024 · Shreyas Sundara Raman, Vanya Cohen, Ifrah Idrees, Eric Rosen, Ray Mooney, Stefanie Tellex, David Paulius
Brief overview of key advantages of object-level planning for hierachical planning

[CoRL-WS-22] Object-Level Planning and Abstraction

TL;DR – This workshop paper (specifically, a blue-sky submission) introduces the importance of object-level planning and representation as an additional layer on top of task and motion planning. I present several benefits of using object-level planning for long-term use in robotics.

December 2022 · David Paulius

[CASE-22] Robot Learning of Assembly Tasks from Non-expert Demonstrations using Functional Object-Oriented Network

TL;DR – This was a collaboration with Clemson University’s Yunyi Jia and Yi Chen, who were interested in using FOONs for representing assembly tasks. They successfully utilized and adapted a FOON to robotic assembly execution.

July 2022 · Yi Chen, David Paulius, Yu Sun, Yunyi Jia

[RAL-22] Approximate Task Tree Retrieval in a Knowledge Network for Robotic Cooking

TL;DR – In this paper, we introduce the idea of connecting FOONs to robotic task and motion planning. We automatically transform a FOON graph, which exists at the object level (i.e., it is a representation that uses meaningful labels or expressions close to human language), into task planning specifications written in PDDL (not a very intuitive way to communicate about tasks).

July 2022 · Md Sadman Sakib, David Paulius, Yu Sun

[ICRA-21] Task Planning with a Weighted Functional Object-Oriented Network

TL;DR – In this paper, we attempt to execute task plan sequences extracted from FOONs. Since these sequences may contain actions that are not executable by a robot, we introduce a human assistant in planning, and the robot and assistant work together to solve the task.

May 2021 · David Paulius, Kelvin Sheng Pei Dong, Yu Sun

[RAS-19] A Survey of Knowledge Representation in Service Robotics

TL;DR – This was my first survey paper that covers knowledge representations for service robotics. Although it is dated, it covers an extensive list of approaches used to represent knowledge for several robot sub-tasks.

August 2019 · David Paulius, Yu Sun

[ICRA-18] Functional Object-Oriented Network: Construction & Expansion

TL;DR – In this paper, we explore methods in natural language processing (NLP) – specifically semantic similarity – for expanding or generalizing knowledge contained in a FOON. This alleviates the need for demonstrating and annotating graphs by other means.

May 2018 · David Paulius, Ahmad Babaeian Jelodar, Yu Sun

[IROS-16] Functional Object-Oriented Network for Manipulation Learning

TL;DR – This was the very first paper on FOON: the functional object-oriented network. Here, we introduced what they are and how they can be used for task planning. They are advantageous for their flexibility and human interpretability.

October 2016 · David Paulius, Yongqiang Huang, Roger Milton, William David Buchanan, Jeanine Sam, Yu Sun